Shakespeares Hamlet - Between Pagan and Christian Essay -- GCSE Engl

Hamlet: Between Pagan and Christian Hamlet explores the borders between madness and sanity. It is also located, like King Lear, in a frontier area between a pagan revenge ethic and Christian compassion, and between a ruthless, power-hungry adult world and a younger generation with gentler and more conciliatory aspirations. Hamlet's father, who now torments him, was himself a sinner, otherwise he would not have to return to earth as a ghost, demanding revenge. Hamlet is well aware of his father's crimes (III.3.81). Inviting his son to avenge his death is tantamount to turning the clock back, thereby perpetuating a pagan code of honour that seems outdated in Hamlet's own time. For - in contrast to Lear - Hamlet is a Christian of sorts, a fact that hampers rather than helps him in his mission. His Christianity is one of several reasons why he hesitates to carry out the ghost's instructions - and why, in the most famous of his seven soliloquies, he refrains from turning his weapon on himself. He worries that the spirit he has seen may be a devil. Obviously Christian in its origin is...

The Degradation of Character of Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Degradation of Character of Macbeth The tragedy, Macbeth, was written by William Shakespeare in 1606.  Ã‚   Over the course of the play the main character, Macbeth, undergoes a continuous degradation of moral character. This change of character from good to evil significantly impacts Macbeth's attitude towards the other characters, Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macbeth, and the witches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first of the four characters is Duncan. Since Macbeth interacts with Duncan only a minimal amount before Duncan's death, Macbeth's attitude towards him changes very rapidly. Before Macbeth hears the witches' first prophecy, he is very loyal to Duncan, and would never even consider lifting a finger against him. When the thought of murdering Duncan occurs to Macbeth immediately after learning that he has been named Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth cannot believe he might "yield to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair / And make my seated heart knock at my ribs" (I.iii.133-35). In scene 5 of act 1, however, his "vaulting ambition"(I.vii.28) is starting to take over, but partly because of his wife's influence. He agrees that they must "catch the nearest way" (I.v.17), and kill Duncan that night. On the other hand, as the time for murder draws near, he begins giving himself reasons not to murder Duncan:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who should against his murderer shut the door,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not bear the knife myself (I.vii.13-16).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Lady Macbeth enters, she uses her cunning rhetoric and persuasion techniques to convince Macbeth that murder is, beyond the shadow of a doubt, the right thing to do. He then tells her "I am settled"(I.vii.79). He is firmly seated in his beliefs that killing Duncan is the right thing to do--until he performs the murder. He is then so horrified by the act that, for a moment, he forgets where he is or whom he is with. We learn from the murder that Macbeth truly had faith in the king and was very loyal, but under the combined forces of his wife's persuasion and his own vaulting ambition, he is put in an evil frame of mind just long enough to kill Duncan. This murder permanently alters him from his moral state of mind.   Soon Macbeth lacks any remorse for murdering Duncan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second character Macbeth's attitude changes toward is Banquo.

Non governmental organizations

Non-government organizations are organizations that are not controlled by government and are non profit making. Their purpose is to provide a service or object in which they are formed for they offer social welfare services to workers and communities in which they operate they play a major role in the society because they determine family structures, family relation and also the education system that would produce effective man power for them and others. NGO, s has control over political power nationality and even power over borders. (Steve. Witt. (2005)They also contribute to the needs of the poor, deals with issues of the religion in a given area and hence impact heavily on the attitude and values that a given community adapts to. NGO, s helps in the contribution of the humanitarian affairs that serve the communities interests. NGO, s also deals with national and multilateral policy making and even local actions, .NGO, s provides employment to the citizens and assist in matters of dividing international authority, help to research, assess, report and publicize details on behalf of those accountable to them. (K.Rodman, (1998).They also deal with stability and security issues. Most non-government doesn’t depend heavily on the government for funding but the government may assist them partially with funds. They thus do not involve government representative within their organization and they also don't involve them in their decision making process.AREAS OF INEFFECTIVENESS, UNACCOUTABILITY AND   Ã‚  Ã‚   ELITIST NATURE OF NGO, SNon-governmental organizations are supposed to be effective on their objectives and also accountable to those they serve. However, this non government organization have increasingly failed by being unaccountable to those they are supposed to work for, they have continually been ineffective in their performance and they have adapted to elitist nature whereby they segregate themselves from others and only work for their own selfish in terest and for the interest of those whose status they consider important to their affairs and has influential power that makes them be treated preferentially this attitude can be termed as a mechanism of elite capture. (Steve. Witt. (2005) â™ «The ineffectiveness, the unaccountability and the elitist nature of NGO, s is evident among much renowned organization and this can be seen to be true when one assesses their performance with regard to the current debate on good governance and civil society. (K.Rodman, (1998).Roles of good governanceThe current debate on good governance and civil society emphasizes on peace building, democratization, quality leadership, responsibility and proper civil institutions. NGO, s should assist in helping in peace building in countries in which they are situated, they should be involved in the resolving existing issues in the country for example by  Ã‚   helping to find solutions to a countries conflicting issues when they arise, mediating disput ing groups when there are ethnic tensions caused by political instability, coming up with measures that will reduce tribalism, nepotism and corruption, help in recovering the economy when the country is experiencing economic depression, assisting the needy   in their surrounding environment for example when natural disaster arise such as flood, earthquake ,terrorist attacks among others, Stabilizing political turmoil being experienced in that particular country and many other issues. (K.Rodman, (1998).However, the current non-government organization do not engage themselves with this issues on the contrary instead of doing this, the NGO, s have left this in the ruin of government and civil societies. Non-governmental organizations have also in some instances contributed to peace downfall by supporting one side of the worrying groups rather than being neutral. They tend to favor that group that have influential power and assumes those who are less powerful.This has made them to be unaccountable and untrustworthy and cannot be depended upon by both the government and the members of the societies who would have otherwise depended on them. The management allows political influences when making decisions which imposes a negative impact to all the organization stakeholders and employees who oppose the decision on the basis that they are not consulted and. this causes conflicts, lots of job turn over, redundancy and withdrawal and this leads to job inefficiency. (K.Rodman, (1998).They have been ineffective with regards to matters of enhancing democratization. This is because they have indulged in politics funding complains and supporting certain politicians who have influence upon them and this has contributed heavily in the reduction of democracy as they do not play their role as pressure group to pressurize the government to observe democracy.Non governmental organization have also been ineffective to help in matters of maturation of nation’s policy and ec onomy other than participating in development and transformations, this organizations involve in the achievement of their own interest that is; what will benefit them other than what will be beneficial to all who are accountable to them, they pursue their own goals without incorporating the objectives of government and civil societies and this leads to lack of goals commonality hence retarding the government policies such as poverty and illiteracy eradication.LeadershipLeadership and quality management are important for any country or institution to have good governance. Non governmental organization are poorly managed because of lack of qualified staff because the recruitment of workforce is based not on technical competence and merit, but on favoritism and thus the management have no proper management skills, the employees under such management thus work with a lot of skepticism and heavy opposition and most of them resist changes and all the rules that the management enforces and this leads to difficulties in implementation of proper practices, policies and procedures that are fundamental in developing strategies that ensures that organizations objectives are met. (K.Rodman, (1998).This also has led to poor selection of policies and allocation of resources. The leadership style in current non-governmental organization is that of authoritative and bureaucratic which ignores human elements due to impersonality of interpersonal relations. This style of leadership imposes rules, norms and procedures to be followed. The leaders make decisions and demands everyone to follow, they do not allow the other members of staff to be involved when making decisions and they harshly react when the rules they enforces are not properly followed this causes slow development, work delays, inefficiency and frustrations to citizens, employees and any other stakeholders and this reduces the effectiveness of NGO, s as a whole. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),Corruption eradication is a key i ssue in good governance especially in Africa. . NGO, s are faced with issues of corruption where they demands bribery to assist in matters they were supposed to deliver to the citizens without demanding any form of payment and this makes them unaccountable to those who rightfully depended on their services. (sH.Englund, (2004) There’s also a lot of misappropriation of funds and lack of proper fund management. This causes inadequate funding leading to shortage of resources to implement their policies and this can also eventually lead to the liquidation of the organization. When organization funds are mismanaged it causes serious implications, which makes the organization unaccountable and inefficient, which leads them to a step back to transparency and accountability. This vice has passed on to civil societies and government at large.Environmental issuesNGO, s engages in activities that are harmful to the surrounding environment. This is by social unethical and unaccountable a ctivities. For example, they may engage in activities that involves emissions of exhaustive gases that pollute the environment or even have technological machinery that produce disturbing noises around the environment they are situated in.They often do not take   proper measures and responsibility   to eradicate this implication arguing that since they are a non profit making organizations, members of the communities should take care of their environment and the fact that they are in needs of the organizations   services   they should allow them to deliver them respectfully without dealing with environmental issues. This causes negative impacts to the community and it has hampered the life of the society and animals especially where there is water and air pollution. They can be termed as negligence of the virtue of accountability to the society.( K.Rodman, (1998).NGO, s has turned into a mechanism of elite capture. They tend to involve only the elite in formulation of their policies. (H.Englund, (2004) There is lack of representation of civil society as a whole and the marginalized social movements are sidelined. Regional consultative of African non-governmental organizations, s and civil society organization lay foundation for the governance forum stressed on role of women in leadership. It has been observed that there is evident gender inequality within these organizations.Few non government organizations in Africa have observed this as few women are employed or hold decision making positions in management of NGO, s. the elites in NGO, s have various skills that they can utilize in government running but they are trapped in the NGO, s. in addition, instead of involving the locals to do various jobs they subcontract them. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),NGO, s has been ineffective because of selective area of operations. They concentrate in certain areas than the others. This makes those sidelined areas not to enjoy their operations. The NGO, s may not operate in certain areas that have poor infrastructure, lack of effective communications and lack of technology. This has led to unequal distribution of resources. The NGO, s have not helped in establishment of proper running civil institutions and instead they leave this role to the government  ConclusionIn order to ensures that non-governmental organizations work effectively and successfully there is need to ensure that there is interactions of workers, formal and informal groups, government itself and any other influential factors to the organization. Democratic involvement by this organization should be considered as it is equally and critically important in enhancing the effectiveness of this organization. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),   They should be committed to implement their services to all interested stakeholders successfully.They should also avoid favoritism and avoid authoritative leadership and adapt to other ways of leading that will bring about motivation and morale of workers in the organization. Non governmental organizations should also ensure that they take responsibility and take the necessary actions required of them when their activities imposes harm to the surrounding environment. (Steve. Witt. (2005) They should also ensure that all non-governmental organizations are effective, efficient and accountable and are not expressed as mechanism of elitist capture. References:l   Steve. Witt. (2005). Changing roles of NGO, s in the creation.l   Sangeeta Kamat. (2002), development hegemony, American university pressl   Carrie Meyer, (1999), The economics and politics of NGO, s in Latin American; praeger publisher.l   Maha abreirahman, (2004), the politics of NGO, s in Egypt; the American university press 5H.Teegen(2003) international NGO, s as global institution; Journals of international managementl   K.Rodman, (1998). Think globally; vol 12l   Daniel .a. Bell and Jean Marc (2004) university pressl   H.Englund, (2004), prisoners of freedom ; human rights and Africa poor.l   S, Goonahlak, (2006). Journal, foreign fundedl   Lyal.s.Sunga, (2003), NGO, s involvement in international human rights monitoring

A approach towards hotels

Risks in relation to Opportunities, measurement of decisions Appendix 10. 5: 24 Probability of risk occurrence Appendix 10. 6: Provisions of outcomes incorporating and eliminating the influences of controllers 25 Appendix 10. 7: 26 Influence of a risk in relation to costs Appendix 10. 8: 27 Checklist for evaluating risks 2 1. 0 The risks are now attached powers related with the lifespan of hotel ‘s projects or activities in the specific region, combining unreliable nature of vague commodities, quickly changing market, advances in technology, and the revolution of the customer' s requirements.Hotel ‘s projects usually consume large capital investments to achieve profitability and momentum within the market, but perhaps associated unpredictable risks generate restrictions or even a substantial loss of investment. Consequently, risk management is applied uninterruptedly through the life cycle of the hotel ‘s project to reduce or minimalism the undesirable effects of ri sks from the project' s schedules, costs and performances, in order to ensure achievement of economic goals.This report is initiated to analytically examine the procedures of risk management regarding the hotel industry. Initially, this report ascribes theoretical context of risk management and of its perception and significance within the industry of hotels. In addition, this report analyses and reviews risk a managing procedure, including risk identification then the analysis and controlling of risk, to finalize with risk reporting. The report investigates how risk potential dangers and facilitates the project's procedure regarding decision-making (Kite & Eluding,1997, p. ). This report also shows how risk management sequences benefits the assignment ‘s responsible to evaluate if they acquire satisfactory possessions for the project to manage the risk connected with high existence possibility and significance that not all risks are of equal weight. Furthermore, risks may be various and theoretical; consequently the report will establish the significance of finding parts and mutual risks methods, which are advantageous to aware the management of the hotel from dangerous risks.Additionally, the report shows the value of the statistical normal distribution, and the likelihood of risks within the project management of hotels, including a strategy of efficient warning methods and emergency forecasting in order to monitor future risks. This report continue explaining in what way risk reporting would be efficient in delivering the results of the conducted analysis and control of risks so the hotel ‘s project to accelerate investing conclusions.Yet, this report shows important debates concluded through a concise summary of the risk management progression and its values within the hotel industry. Additionally, references, and appendices serve an as extra resource that highlights key philosophies in this report. 1. 1 Aim & Objectives This report main aim i s to analyses the procedures of risk management and how it effects project management within the industry of hotels. Goals: To diagnostically examine the academic frame of risk management in relation to project management within the industry of hotels. 2.To identify the settings of risk management and its effects on hotel ‘s project. 3. To investigate the procedures of risk management within the hotel industry. 4. To discover the significance of managing risk in project management within the industry of hotels. To analyses the risk management procedures and its effect towards hotel ‘s approach of managing risks within projects. In accordance to Serener, (2006, p. 1 1), risk management is defined as an organized function procedure useful in a methodological approach in order to cope imaginable risks offered to a company.Moreover, Mills, (2001), argues that risk management if systematic, is a crucial tool for company's in order to control and obtain the possible occurring risks, which could simplify the process of dealing with the actual risk. Moreover, the risk management procedure where the team monitoring is accountable for couple of areas of responsibility: recognizing, evaluating, forecasting, tracing, controlling and communicating (NASA NIPPERS. A 2004 p, 5).The usefulness of risk management provides hotel management to a opportunity to reduce the risk through using the systematic approach for better a better adaptable response to risks, and eliminating the accomplishment of strategic objective and profits (Rival & Fuchsia, 2007, p. 4). Noticed by Mills, (2001) that risk management don't only emphasizes on classifying the risks after a ranking system, it also monitors and administers risks to be able to decrease imaginable damages to the business ‘s entity.However, Serener (2006) claims that the purpose of risk management is not to serially eliminate risks, therefore, focusing on the risks that are involved in the furthermost effective me thod or reactive actions. Further down the line of a project, the possible risks could drive the project or organization to unnecessary expenditure, fiasco, or liquidation (appendix 10. 1). According to Scott, (1997) there is a significance importance to include the process of risk management within the decision-making procedure by hotel ‘s leaders, in order to reduce the negative impacts of risks such as efficiency, implementation and budget problems.Within the hotel association, inconsistency concerning established objectives and actual implementations is created due risks being very stretched to projects (Kindlier, 2009). To continue, there are very high cash investments within properties and assets belonging to hotels, which triggers a bigger risk if the particular hotel fails to produce profit and inevitably lose investor's investment.In addition, prompt alterations and high manipulations origins greater risks to hotel ‘s developments, impacting the day-to-day proce dures and generating insecurity in decision-making (Serener, 2006). So, through arranging risk management at the entree, hotels can certify adaptive reactions to risks in a well-timed method; evade upcoming damages, enabling supervisors to create a contingency plan to response towards risks, and seizing hypothetical opportunities (Kindlier, 2009).Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) – Project Risk Management Enterprise Risk Management shortened term ERM, is perceived as a procedure, stimulated via an independent panel of managers, executives, and other employees, which is combined with tactical instructions throughout the business, to be able to pinpoint probable impacts measured to be forceful to the independence (Rival & Fuchsia 2007, p. ). Kindlier (2009, p. 323) argues that ERM embraces all the management of assignments, agendas and collect the concepts of risk management within a structure.In order to seize business development and reduce dangers the ERM could be focused tow ards the safety and security department of a hotel. In addition, ERM is appreciated within project risk management in order to compute and manage risks with great safety, henceforth focusing the practice of capitals. Further, discussed by Stuntman et al. , (2011, p. 336) PRM ‘s function as a procedure, which monitors all actions in order to guarantee a positive result from investments.Moreover, when a new project is offered to a hotel, PRM is highly useful in order to evaluate the foundation of the dangers, the comprehensiveness of risks, and hypothetical results designated from risks. Nonetheless, hotel ‘s plans are indistinguishable to stint of time regulating, highlighting the introduction of latest commodities or assistances towards the market, nonetheless limited by limits and certain objectives according to Groove (1997).Therefore, it is essential to apply PRM uninterruptedly during the project lifespan to successfully moderate risks and achieve project's objective s in relation to he strategic schedule, financial plan, and implementations (Stuntman et al. , 2011). The risk management process is alienated in four different boxes; it starts by identifying the actual risk thereafter follow an analysis and control of the risks and management process in order to safeguard stability between the profits versus the costs within operations (Kline & Eluding, 1997, p. ). Continuously, another elaborated definition discussed by Groove (1997) the risk management procedure is one-chain rotation, due to each step commences in a systematic approach to be able to execute risk management efficiently. Moreover, Kindlier (2009) emphasizes the importance of utilizing the risk management process, managers and supervisors would gain a holistic overview of the entire activities, reduce the uncertainty and making the hotel project reliable and profitable.In addition, the process is valuable in order to clarify if the projects are feasible or problematic. Chapman & Wa rd, (2010) introduces the first step of the risk management procedure, first step: risk identification, a procedure where potential and actual risks facing the hotel, gets revealed and diagnosed. Risk identification tributes to instructing the reject supervisors of related obstacles or risk being a factor where the achievement of goals develops the base for risk analysis and control.Second step is called a risk analysis, where a process takes place of analyzing various risks by the usage of specific techniques such as statistics. This step is also recognized as the â€Å"action† step, to conduct an analysis against the risks, which has been identified in the previous step. Furthermore, follows risk control, by endeavoring to manage the risks for modifying damaging influences and defending productivity. Last step in the risk management process, risk reporting explained by Kline & Eluding (1997), either written or oral communication of the findings from the conducted.Hotels are affected when impacted by the occurring fluctuations that are uncontrolled, such as the financial state or advantages of competitors, which are usually invisible at the early phases of the hotel plans (Stuntman, et al. , 2011, IPPP). It is further argued by Scott (1997) in order to receive high returns on invested capital, hotels should apply the process of risk management in order to systematically diminish the negative influence of risks.Continuously, the process is also beneficial regarding the assistance provided to hoteliers in order to increase the certainty of the project's future, which leads to overall better confidence in the decision-making process regarding anything related to the project from cost efficiency plans or contingency plans versus possible upcoming risks. 8 diagnoses possible impacts of the company that could trigger the risks both internally and externally.Risk identification is the first step before the risks gets analyses and purposed, thereafter becoming the foundation of the next steps in the recess; analyzing and controlling risks (Scott,1997). According to Keen, (2011) the most problematic and difficult step in the process is the risk identification, because it outcomes of strangeness or vagueness of forthcoming occurrences. However, identifying risks allows managers to distinguish the partnership between the causes and consequences of events, thus enabling the strategy of the stronger risk image, protective plan, and increase self-confidence in decision-making.If the management of the hotel disappoints in identifying any upcoming potential risks in the projects or operations, then unfortunately the non-identified risks will become hard to manage and cultivate to be devastating (Tchaikovsky, 2002). Additionally, the stage of risk identifications includes a complete analysis of the settings both internally and externally in order to interpret nature, and measure influences from risks (Meredith & Mantel 2012).Furthermore, Groove, (1997) argues that by recognizing foundations and influences of risks, for instance operational or market risks towards the projects of the hotel, the management could therefore categorize these risks if they are manageable or uncontainable. Nevertheless, even if risks are identified as uncontainable such as inconsistent seasonal demands, the management within hotels could still plan and work out a protective plan for producing short-term demands in order to change the undesirable outcomes (Ammonia. , 2008, p. 1 1).In addition, when risk management process is implemented, the procedure should be on-going and not perceived as one-off activity, as new risks are constantly occurring regarding the changes occurring within the micro and macro environment said by Tchaikovsky (2002). 4. 1 Identification of the major significant participants – Steadying groundwork, lassoing pieces – communal risks When identifying the foundation and stabilizing it, hotel's directors must have a look at the entire party of personnel carrying this project out instead of Just concentrating on the information (appendix 10. ). The managers must identify and know they key people, in other words are the very important participants, who in turn will give the vital information for the risk performance identification and enquiry steps. Furthermore, in order to stabilize the groundwork, manager or directors have to gain every part of necessary and significant data in a certain period of time. Such as the different and various sources of risks and influence areas to have a performance on the risk study efficiently and effectively (Scott 1997).However, by the conversion of information into different distinct pieces, managers should know and recognize the different risk components in the hotel's plans and the corresponding relationship in each component, which is why planning specific goals can become easier in specific risk. Additionally, when identifying and ordering distinct compon ents and pieces, there are two available approaches; it is either doing it independently or with a group (Serener, 2006). Identifying individually is considered as efficient when considering time, but can lead to limitations, narrow perceptions or own biases by ignoring the hotel's atmosphere.Uncooperative, Stuntman et al. , (2011) have argued by the identification of risks in a group, an additional stable and serious identifications can be accomplished, but, the period could take longer, costly, and very difficult for adding various information into one piece. Meanwhile, it has to be recognized that the human error, results and occurs of them who see the event on occasion basis can produce bias in recognizing risk Keen, 2011). Moreover, mutual risks have to be found and identified for its great level of danger challenging the projects.Through common risks recognition, the project managers can focus efforts on risk with great impact, because not all the risks are the same and they a ll require different attention and treatment (Pritchard, 2010). Nevertheless, the 10 mutual risks differ as the project proceeds, because the consequence of the risks may reduce; yet others become dominance. For example, in the lodging industry, the hesitation of the market fluctuations, economic rejections, and as well inflation may to show at the beginning of the hotel's projects.Thus, forming inconsistency among the plans and the authentic upcoming implementations argued by Haze &Kouki (2009, p 262). Analysis of risk occurs when managers' converts information gathered throughout the identification process when handling risks like rational knowledge by operating designated methods (Kline & Eluding 1997, p. 59). Risk analysis is also related to activities of examining assignments or functions to observe dangerous areas including risks in a methodical method, which might relieve risk control procedures Pritchard, 2010).Hotels could be quicker adaptable and better responsive to perce ivable occurrences, which comprehends chances and disorders (appendix 10. 4) by using risk analysis. Keel & Eluding, (1997, p. 8) states two types of risks analysis, one being quantitative and the other qualitative. Still, statistic plays a important role when risks is being analyses, in order to explain outcomes by taking a look at the frequency scattering using authentic numbers or calculations, to be able to compute data. Frequency scattering is utilized in risk analysis to review big volumes of

The Witches Influence on Macbeth

The Witches Influence on Macbeth Allison Schweinert Malling Hour 2 1/15/12 Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare’s witches, or the â€Å"three weird sisters† (1. 3. 32) serve several purposes. With their persuasive techniques and ability to either see or influence the future, their most important role seems to be their power to influence decision-making and cause the initial deterioration of Macbeth. By providing five prophecies, the witches â€Å"provide Macbeth’s ‘call to action’ and drive his thirst for power†, (Jamieson). However, by not telling Macbeth the full truth, they give him false hope, and expectations that ultimately lead to his demise. The witches influence him so greatly, that without their presence, it is possible that Macbeth would never have even committed the murder of King Duncan. The three weird sisters make their first appearance in Act 1 Scene 1. In Act 1 Scene 3, the witches make their first predictions. The first is that Macbeth will be King of Cawdor and Thane of Glamis. The second is that Banquo’s sons will also be kings. Macbeth’s is forced to question the prophecies and says to the witches, â€Å"By Sinel’s death I know I am thane of Glamis. But how of Cawdor? The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman, and to be king, stands not within the prospect of belief,† (1. 3. 71-74). Due to his inevitable inheritance of the title Thane of Glamis, Macbeth is convinced that the witches are, in fact, of a supernatural nature. Despite his lingering doubts, these predictions were enough to convince Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to pursue their ambitions and kill Duncan. This shows the witches first influence in that, even though Macbeth questions their credibility, he allows them to have substantial control in his future. Secondly, it is thought by many, that to know what fate may have in store for them, and to have knowledge of the future is wrong. It seems this is true, because after Macbeth demands the witches second appearance, he is told to beware of Macduff, and that he cannot be harmed by anyone born of a woman or defeated until the â€Å"Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane shall come,† (4. 1. 93-94). After receiving these final prophecies, it seems that Macbeth’s morale begins to deteriorate along with his confidence. Based on his paranoia and extreme reliance on the witch’s initial prediction he sends out men to murder Banquo and his son. He also attempts to kill Macduff, and when that fails he tells the murderers to kill his family despite their innocence. In this, he reaches a point of true evil. However, throughout all this, Macbeth continues to have his doubts. He considers his invincibility and constantly reminds himself and others that, he â€Å"bares a charmed life, which must not yield To one of woman born,† (5. . 12-13). I believe he does this because he needs to convince himself that the witches are, in fact, unequivocal. However, he fails to consider that perhaps the witches just aren’t telling him the full truth. This becomes evident in Macbeth’s final scenes as the Birnam Woods make their way towards him, in Malcolm’s attemp t to hide his numbers. Macbeth also realizes that he should have had higher speculations moments before his death, when Macduff tells him â€Å"Despair thy charm, And let the angel whom thou still hast served Tell thee, Macduff was from his mother’s womb Untimely ripped†, (5. . 13-16). At this point, Macbeth was forced to come to terms with his undoing and realize that the witches weren’t as reliable as he’d hoped. But how much of the blame do the witches truly deserve? We now must ask ourselves, â€Å"Are the witches prophecies preordained? Or do they simply encourage Macbeth to become active in constructing his own fate? † (Jamieson). My answer to both of these is yes. The second that the witches told Macbeth that he would be king, his future became exactly as they’d foretold. Once he obtained knowledge of his divine will and allowed the witches prophecies to overtake him, Macbeth began to slowly deteriorate. It wasn’t until Macbeth heard the witches prophecies, that thoughts of killing Duncan came to him, and even when the did, he was reluctant. The initial thought of committing such a crime was, â€Å"but fantastical† (1. 3. 139), despite Macbeth’s ruthless nature in combat. Even further, prior to the murder during his discussion with Lady Macbeth, he attempted to withdraw himself from the conspiracy. He tells Lady Macbeth, â€Å"that we but teach Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return to plague th’ inventor: this even handed justice Commends th’ ingredients of our poisoned chalice To our own lips,† (1. 7. 8-12). Macbeth says this as if he knows, to trust the prophecies, is to seal his fate. Unfortunately, it is too late for Lady Macbeth. She has already had a taste for power in her control over Macbeth; now she is addicted to it and has already traded her morals to the devil. Lady Macbeth’s early decisions are what, I believe, led to her extreme loss of sanity. Macbeth doesn’t entirely come to terms with his ambitions until later. He evokes full trust within the prophecies near the end of the play, while he boasts of his invincibility. Their dependence and reliance on the prophecies is what ultimately led to their demise. Without the prophecies, there would have been nothing to rely on and simply their desires to push them. Because of this, the witches’ influence on Macbeth is clear. They did far more than just provide him with a glimpse of his future; they released his innermost desires and set his path by doing so. They opened doors and guided him on a journey that once he had embarked on, could never return. References Crowther, John, ed. â€Å"No Fear Macbeth. † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 16 Jan. 2012 Jamieson, Lee â€Å"‘Macbeth' Witches. † About. com Shakespeare. N. p. , October 2005. Web. 10 Jan 2012. . Riedel, Jennifer. â€Å"The Witches' Influence on Macbeth . † Diss. University of Victoria, 1995. Web. . Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Elements of Literature: Sixth Course. Ed. Kathleen Daniel, et al. Austin: Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 2003. 300-385.

Naturebros

Q1. Summarize the information presented regarding the present and proposed products. Briefly describe the company’s 2004 and 2005 objectives. Ans. Dale Morris, being a cooking enthusiast, created a new season mix in 1993 which was based on a nutritive yeast extract and used a considerable amount of lesser salt than other seasonal mixes. This mix being very popular among family and close friends, he decided to ‘test market’ his product via a charity event and once successful, he saw an opportunity of a new saleable product. His vision however was stalled till 2002 due to lack of startup capital. Eventually, he raised enough money (a total of $65,000) by selling 15 percent each of his stock to his mother and two work colleagues to lease machinery and setup a small production facility and bring his product to grocery stores by August of 2002. The product was an instant hit among customers. Having a sales background himself, Morris had no problems in coming up with ways to promote his product. His tasting demonstrations, similar to what he held for family and friends were a hit and attracted enough sales in seven states and to consider expanding the product line and make inroads to markets in more states as well. In order to expand however, Morris needed more capital. Not only was the market to be expanded, two new products had to be launched as well. This meant additional expenses in product development, production, advertising and distribution. The present product, although a low salt seasoning, does not cater to the salt free market. Thus a salt free variant is to be developed along with an MSG based flavor enhancer. The company’s 2004 objectives are to stabilize its current markets in terms of sales and distribution and to achieve a 5 percent market share in the category of seasoned salt, a 10 percent market share in salt substitutes and a 5 percent market share in MSG based flavor enhancers. Strategy for 2004 concentrates more on existing markets. Although a 10 percent market share in the salt free category seems a bit optimistic, it is possible due to the lack of competitors in this market segment. For 2005, the company plans to expand to eight new markets namely Los Angeles, Phoenix, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, Seattle, San Francisco, Spokane and Portland. These new markets make up 17.1 percent of total grocery sales and thus are an attractive market to tap into. Like 2004, here too 5 percent shares for the salt based seasoning, 10 percent for the salt free version and 5 percent market share for the MSG based enhancer are objectified. The methods to be used will range from aggressive advertising to tapping into the more health conscious West Coast psyche. Price advantages will further help realize these aims for both existing and new markets. All this will be done due to the fact that the company is currently in the market expansion process and has to make unique selling propositions in order to capture a larger share of the market. Q2. After reviewing this material, make a list of additional information which should be supplied to support the sales projections. Ans. The sales forecasts seem to be well worked upon but that isn’t the case. The biggest blunder is that percentage aims for each new market and existing market have not be clearly specified. Only totals have been given for existing and new markets and new ones with the aims at 5 or 10 percent (as per product) being calculated based on the overall totals of each market. Since the existing markets have to be stabilized and expanded, there should e more specific information regarding each individual state in terms of market and percentage to be achieved in dollar amounts. Same should be the case for new markets as well. The second problem with these forecasts is that although the company has outlined its financial and percentage aims in each of these markets, no specifications whatsoever have been given as to the volume and price of the product being sold there. This is essential because Nature Bros. will have to decide what packages and what volume of sales they plan on distributing in these areas. Thus sales have to be given not only in dollar amounts but in amount of units and weight per package as well. Thirdly, the price set for each package should also be included in order to calculate how Nature Bros. will capture the market. A proper product into price figure is needed here rather than the existing dollar amounts. Q3. Comment on objectives: Are they reasonable, optimistic, or conservative? What marketing mix would best support this growth rate? Ans. The objectives seem to be reasonable for the current markets but are a bit too optimistic for new markets. The main reason for this is that the current markets are aware of their products. They just need to keep enhancing their advertisement efforts in order to capture a larger market share. New products too will be welcomed more openly. New markets always show resistance to new entrants. Secondly, local home grounds are always easier to work in; it’s the new markets that always create problems especially due to the startup inertia faced by products. In order to achieve these objectives, Nature Bros. will have to go big in these new markets. They will ahev to concentrate a lot on achieving the right marketing mix so as not to expend too much and still achieve their objectives:  §Ã‚   Promotion: promotional campaign launched by Nature Bros. have so far been successful in most cases. Form personal friends to tasting stalls, Morris has done well so far in achieving fame for his product. The new products however might need that extra push. First of all, they should go for more branding of the products. Customers might confuse the positioning of the existing product and leave it and the salt free version might eat away into the original products sales. Since Nature Bros. have thus far marketed their existing product as healthy and low salt, a salt less substitute will only shed bad light on the existing seasoning mix. Thus Nature Bros. should start repositioning its existing brand and use the same in new markets. Quality should be strictly controlled and maintained at all costs.  §Ã‚   Price: the pricing strategy as outlined in the plans seems to be fine for this product. One aspect that Nature Bros. have neglected however is the price demand elasticity of their product. They should test this strategy in their existing markets and see if they are in a position to charge premiums at this stage or not. This will give a fair idea as to for how long they will have to sell their products at reduced prices (how long it takes to achieve customer loyalty) and how sensitive the customers are in terms of price changes. If a little drop in price means a considerable increase in sales then Nature Bros. can achieve their target market shares without 3040 percent price cuts as they currently plan to. On the other hand if this is not the case and customers are not too elastic, then not only discounts but extra promotion will also have to be done and this would mean leaner profit margins with additional promotion costs.  §Ã‚   Promotion: the promotion strategy is fine and tested in the existing markets. Their decision to advertise in cooking magazines is a good one as well. One additional aspect however would be to properly launch their product and activate their brand through a certain event or fair. A proper launch and enough publicity can do wonders for a product in any given case. The church sale was the most successful for Morris and made him realize that a marketable product is at hand. Similarly, if ature Bros. were to contact other organizations such as churches or TV shows to use their product, this would result in a lot of publicity. This along with a few interviews to newspapers and leading cooking magazines will help a lot in creating enough hype and launching the product.  §Ã‚   Distribution: this is probably the weakest link in the whole plan. There seem to be no formal plans nor strategies regarding the actual distribution of the product. Being a young company, Nature Bros. will have to carefully assess which distribution strategies are cheapest and yet most effective. Although all products will be sold at grocery stores, Nature Bros. can decide whether it will be supplying directly to these stores or use the services of a third party in the form of a distribution intermediary. More intermediaries however mean higher product selling prices and this could result in Nature Bros. not effectively achieving their pricing strategy in the new markets and thus eventually losing market share. Q4. Evaluate the information supplied regarding a new product development and physical assets in light of the pro forma income statements Morris developed. Ans. The case shows that new product development and physical assets are going to be beneficial in nature, primarily due to the reason that the cost of goods sold as projected by the pro forma sheet show a decline over the years. Additionally, sales increase over the years. The new product if developed can help in terms of profits eventually, since profits automatically increase with the decrease in cost of goods sold and increase in sales over the years projected. Apart from operational expenses though, research and development expenses, and depreciation expenses of physical assets would increase causing an increase in the total cost incurred by the organization apart from the cost of goods sold. Q5. Is the capital sought appropriate for the circumstances? If more information is needed, state what it is and how it could be obtained. Ans. The capital sought is not appropriate mainly due to two reasons. The objectives outlined in terms of market shares are too optimistic in some cases. If Nature Bros. seriously intends to achieve these objectives   then they might have to expend a lot more in promotion and also further lower their prices. Secondly although promotion expenses are stated, not much has been said about other below the lien activities. It is rare that the cost of BTL activities are easily anticipated and put on paper for budgeting purposes. The second reason is that no mention has been made of distribution channels and strategies. This whether they decide to own the channel themselves or employ third parties, in both cases additional expenses will most certainly entail. Lastly, every firm always keeps a certain excessive amount of capital for emergencies. Since these are projections, Nature Bros. will most certainly have to attain a little more extra capital and retain it for unpredictable circumstances. Q6. What sources should Morris approach for this amount of capital? Ans. The product has done well in the past few years. A proper business plan and more professional projections can easily help Morris market his idea to banks as well as more serious venture capitalists in a very effective manner. The best option would be to borrow from a financial institution as opposed to selling off more equity to individuals. This is so because selling off equity might result in loss of ownership and decision power and at this stage conflicts among partners is something Nature Bros. should not risk. The ownership once diluted would result in actually loss of control, and decision making power would be vested in the hands of the shareholders. Apart from this, Nature Bros. has become too big to rely solely on funds borrowed from family and friends and is not big enough to go public as yet. Thus the best options would be to find capital form either banks at a fixed interest rate or angel investors who are interested and more patient than other categories of venture capitalists. These investors are interested in returns but rarely intervene in the management aspect of the business and are more accommodating as well. This source of funding or capital would help in reducing the amount of taxes that the company would have to pay, and additionally, fewer amounts would have to be given out to the shareholders as dividend. Thus any source which costs below the going interest rate and doesn’t result in selling of equity would be suitable for Nature Bros. Q7. Based on the current balance sheet, how much equity should he give up for the investment? The current balance sheet of the company shows several things. One of the basic aspects is the amount of assets that the company holds at this point in time. The total assets are about sixty seven thousand, and corresponding to that, the total liabilities are about fifty eight thousand. This shows that the company can cover its liabilities through the assets that it currently holds. On the other hand, the equity that the company has at this point in time is about nine thousand. A lot of potential in terms of equity investment is seen here since the company can not only withhold the amount of liabilities but also has enough to cater to the shareholders as well in terms of its liquid assets. In this case, about half of the liabilities amount can be given up for the investment and still be able to keep a significant amount of money in the liability section. The ball park figure is assumed in order to create a fifty-fifty balance between the liabilities and the equity side. The ideology is that the amount of figure noted would be able to create enough equity in the organization that would not jeopardize reporting and decision making in the company, and yet, be enough that it balances out the loans taken from banks and other individuals and institutions. References: Hisrich, R., Peters, P., & Shepard, D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. 7th Edition. Irwin: McGraw-Hill. Entrpreneur.com (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2007, from http://www.entrepreneur.com/bizstartups/index.html U.S. Small Business Administration (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2007, from http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/index.html   

Dentist Application Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dentist Application - Personal Statement Example In today's world, the field of Medicine is of immense importance to individuals and countries, alike. In this whole process, dentistry in an inevitable part, since apart from medication, the right guidance from professionals in terms of improvement of natural features, is very important to help patients overcome their fear for and grief towards the acceptance of diseased conditions. It also realises that the aesthetic needs of today's world. The main reason behind applying to the University, is because of the fact that I want to learn more and obtain more knowledge about the subject. I possess a thirst for knowledge regarding this subject, and would like to quench it by taking up this course, as per my passion. Firstly, talking about my professional strengths, I am a person who seeks to make the most out of every opportunity that comes my way, as I strongly believe that Opportunity knocks the door only once! I also keep myself up-to-date with the current happenings and researches, br eak-through and inventions in the field of Pharmacy and Healthcare, to make way for improvised quality of output to patients, from my end. Secondly, coming to my personal strengths; very evidentl... Therefore, being a team-worker and working in cooperation is extremely vital.I seek to expand my knowledge base on every possible occasion and am good at crisis management. I am capable of handling complex situations, without becoming panicky and by maintaining my calm and composure, which is a pre-requisite for every professional in the field of Pharmacy. Apart from my humanistic perspective, I do have certain personal reasons for taking up pharmacy in particular. For instance, I was intrigued by human psychology and its acceptance of trying circumstances. I am a compassionate person and enjoy extending a helping hand to those in need. In order to further my goal, I have volunteered at various health camps, which encouraged me to pursue my Dentistry with your esteemed institution. Every field works on a principle of core values. I feel that equality, human dignity and justice are of utmost importance to me. Service to the utmost honesty of one's conscience is what is important, to a doctor or a paramedic. Secondly, attaching the respect and dignity deserved by every human to the patient, is equally necessary. For this, empathy and comprehending the fact that every human is God's creation, is a must. Thirdly, providing justice to every patient is important for me, because I aspire to devote myself to service of humanity, as a tool to give back what I can to the society. Thus, these are my goals and aspirations, which I aspire to achieve by making the most of my strengths and minimising my weaknesses. 3) How