The Enimga Machine Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Enimga Machine - Scholarship Essay Example The paper tells that with the evolution of science and technology the meaning and essence of warfare and combat changed a great deal. War was no more confined to conventional bloodshed and mass killings alone, in fact now it encircled attacks on the ideological and intellectual fronts as well. Enigma machine was one such invention that was created to outpace the competition in the field of communication and message transmission using state- of-the-art technology. Enigma machine was a consequent of the advancements and inroads made by the scientists and engineers in the field of wireless communications in the early 20th century. This new mode of communication revolutionized the way traditional communication used to take place. Now getting the message across to geographic regions was becoming easier and viable for commercial as well as military purposes. Enigma machine was a modern solution to the tedious and time consuming process of encipherment. Traditionally confidential messages t o be transmitted from one office or landmark to another were encrypted between the locations. Cryptography was the putting down of a message in coded form known as encoding or encryption. The process of traditional encipherment also entailed the decryption or decoding of the encrypted message received by the receiver. The sender and receiver both used the same code book to encode and decode the message send and received respectively. The encrypted message was always in the form of alphabets or letters that were neither readable by anyone nor interpretable without following a proper and distinct procedure. The information that was hidden under the code was known as plaintext and the coded or encrypted information was referred to as cipher text.2 Need is the mother of invention and it was soon realized that the time consuming process must be replaced by an efficient one to make encipherment faster and more effective. The evolution in the mechanism started in the early 20th century

Responding to a Bioterrorist Attack from the Department of Health and Essay

Responding to a Bioterrorist Attack from the Department of Health and Human Services - Essay Example (Task Force on Bioterrorism makes plans to educate doctors, public. 2001). As the researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health concluded, another important consideration in managing the public education on such possible bioterrorist attacks should be that public panic is rare and preventable. They also point out that the public is an active participant in responding to such an attack. Civic organizations like churches, charity trusts, and other associations may be effectively used to distribute information and medications, and to educate the public on such potential threat. The biodefence planners and leaders should continually educate the public on preparedness and response plans for bioterrorism. (Hopkins study dispels ‘panic’ myth and suggests ways to involve public in response to a bioterrorist attack. 2001). Thus, the education of the public must be directed towards the real awareness among people trusting their potentials in involving in such efforts. A. Botulinum toxin is one of the most poisonous substances in the world. Ironically, it has also positive uses such as in the treatment of painful muscle spasms and as a cosmetic treatment. No wonder, its use is a reason for confusion to the public. The use of BoTox as a bio-weapon has been a serious reason for worries for many a nation, especially the US. There is a view that discounts its use as a bio-weapon due to the limitations in concentrating and stabilizing the toxin for aerosol dissemination. Contrary to this view, botox can cause disruption and distress among people. (Botulinum toxinas a Biological weapon. 2001). There are many such instances before us. This weapon â€Å"causes botulism—a potentially fatal disease with symptoms that include severe paralysis of the limbs and respiratory muscles.† (Schwartz, Mark 2006). Terrorists can use botox for

HIS 101 MOD 3 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HIS 101 MOD 3 CA - Essay Example Change is considered to be a phenomenon which is continuous and is bound to continue so long there is life on earth and time variation. Change is a social setting result in the difference in way of social lives and the social phenomena is exhibited constantly. This is so since the society continually experiences civilization and changes in telecommunication and technology and the ways of living. It is evident that human society is wholly governed with values, ethics and rules in every human activity. Therefore, the pattern of response to the changes is what interests the study of technology and social change. Social change is the social institutions and culture throughout time. Social change is usually brought about by a collection of behaviors (Kendall 2004). Since the mobile phone has been widely adopted as a tool for entertainment and communication, this has led to the revolutionization of the society and the redefinition of patterns of social relationships and contacts among individuals. The mobile phones have succeeded in the transformation of daily life of different and many individuals to a great extent that the technology is considered as an agent of social change. Since it is a personalized device, this has made it possible to provide individuals with greater personal freedom. In addition, the mobile technology has distorted the boundary that existed between public and personal life. Besides being used as communication device, the mobile phone is also considered as a fashion tool which has shaped people’s prestige and identity thus resulting to the creation of a subcultur e especially in adolescents. Mobile phones have been used largely to promote social change. Since early 1990s, Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been considered to be the powerful tools in strengthening the impacts of the development

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Cultural Event Report - Essay Example This exhibition is still in progress, having been scheduled to start from March 1st, 2012 to July 13th, 2012. The exhibition itself featured pieces titled, The Star-Sequined Banner: the Flag Which Inspired the US National Anthem and New Acquisition: The BMI Archives Confederate Music Collection. Â  The attendees of the exhibition are me and my friends who are my classmates as well. My initial-most reaction while in the museum was amazement as I got acquainted with the fact that museums could also serve as a vast repository of valuable historical, cultural, political and academic material culture, artifacts and points of references. This shifted my inchoately formed previous opinion of libraries being the main source of these data. The first object of the exhibition is a 30 by 34 ft flag that is almost 200 years old. It is the first item that one encounters upon entering the exhibition hall and is valued because it is reminiscent of the Battle of Baltimore. It is this battle that ins pired and emboldened one of the fighters and statesmen Francis Scott Key to write the lyrics to the American Anthem. This exhibit is located on an interactive table and is presented in a tactile image that gives visitors the chance to analyze key details on the flag, and relevant details such as how it was made. Â  In light of these details, it is clear that the exhibition mainly aims at reiterating the values of the flag as a family souvenir of the 19th century, the harbinger of patriotic ideals and national cohesion and as a legitimate symbol of national unity, having been preserved from as early as 1907 by this Smithsonian Institution. Alongside the viewing of these details, visitors are also helped by an instructor who recounts the history of the flag in four phases. The other item, The New Acquisition: the BMI Archives Confederate Music Collection features a compendium of musical materials that were published during the Civil War by the Confederacy. The relevance of this piece is that by analyzing these sheets of music lyrics, documentaries and imagery, one is able to glean into the values, beliefs and mindsets that their creators and consumers had embraced. Interestingly, a keen observer will note that most of the songs and sentiments expressed in these sheets are similar to those that had been embraced by the Union. The import of this is that both the Union and the Confederacy agreed ideally on almost everything, except slavery. In summation, the exhibition will for a long time serve as a stark reminder of America’s historical heritage, given that the exhibits presented serve as reminders and teachers of America’s history. The same event also challenged me to reconsider the depth of my patriotism, having realized that American fathers paid a heavy price for America’s freedom. Â  

Abandoned vehicle problem 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abandoned vehicle problem 2 - Assignment Example It has been found that countries such as New Zealand have in place a well-thought procedure to deal with abandoned vehicles, based on the method of categorisation. It is observed that these vehicles can bring about certain uncalled-for social or community concerns such as fire in these vehicles, leakage of hazardous liquids from the vehicles and the use of such vehicles for certain criminal activities among others. Therefore, Saudi Arabia, which can be termed as one of emerging nations, needs to upgrade its existing mechanism to deal with the abandoned vehicles related problem which can facilitate not only social well-being but environmental protection as well. Table of Contents Summary 2 Introduction 4 Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles 5 Video Related to the Issue 6 The Risk of Abandoned Vehicles Problem 7 Comparison of the Process of New Zealand and KSA for Dealing with Abandoned Vehicles 9 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction In re lation to the rapid pace of globalisation, it has been apparent that the nations often face different challenges in terms of protecting their environmental position. From the observation of different cases, it has been found that the continuously increasing number of abandoned vehicles is creating a major and prominent issue for the countries to protect their environmental effectiveness. ... n of this report will be focused on highlighting the present ever-increasing negative impacts of abandoned vehicles on street within the environment of KSA. The discussion of the report would mainly incorporate four major aspects namely, the removal policies and practices of the abandoned vehicles in New Zealand (NZ), which has apparently been able to control this issue by a considerable extent along with analysing their process in order to maintain an appropriate mechanism. A short related video is also presented concerning the issue of abandoned vehicles. Moreover, the report would also focus on identifying the potential risks of abandoned vehicles problem in KSA as well as comparing the removal policies of both the countries regarding the growing issue of abandoned vehicles. Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles Abandoned vehicles can be regarded as a major and leading problematic concern for the global nations which tend to create signifi cant obstacles in the countries’ motor vehicle regulations. In relation to the governmental regulations and policies regarding the issue of abandoned vehicles, it has been observed that New Zealand possesses a well-built regulatory process which incorporates adequate policies to ensure the reduction of the issues associated with abandoned vehicles. The ‘Local Government Amendment Act (No. 6)’ of the year 1992 is responsible for dealing with the problems arising from abandoned vehicles within the country. The policies underneath the Act involve certain distinct processes for protecting vehicles from blocking roadways or inhibiting traffic flows within different districts of the country (Kapiti Coast District Council, 2013). The policies further ensure to take adequate measures against

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example Horizontal fit refers to the congruence among various HRM practices (Baird & Meshoulam, 1998), and vertical fit refers to the alignment of HRM practice with strategic management process of the firm (Schuler & Jackson, 1987)†. Several approaches have been developed to strategic international human resource management and each of these has their own advantages and disadvantages. The following section will detail the various approaches and aims to compare and contrast these approaches. Approaches to Strategic International Human Resource Management: There are four main approaches to strategic international human resource management. These include: a) Strategy Focused Approach: Some authors are of the view that human resource management and strategic HRM are the same. Authors believe that the nature of HRM is strategic (Dowling, Festing, & Engle, 2007). However this view has not been clearly accepted by a number of authors and it is believed that strategic human resources and HRM a lthough might be similar in a few aspects are not the same. This approach focuses on the strategy based view. b) Decision Focused Approach: Authors like Tichy et al express that there are three main levels of management. These they explain include, the long term, i.e. strategic, medium term, i.e. managerial and the short term, i.e. operational (Dowling, Festing, & Engle, 2007). Authors believe that the functions of human resources that are completed at strategic level together form strategic international human resource management. However there have been arguments that the managerial or also the operational level of human resource functions are more so the... This paper stresses that several approaches have been developed to strategic international human resource management and each of these has their own advantages and disadvantages. The following section will detail the various approaches and aims to compare and contrast these approaches. This report makes a conclusion that some approaches clearly include different views of the organization and also take into account different aspects of the organization which help give rise to the strategic human resource planning. Here it is important to note that although most of these are interlinked the main difference among them is the nature of the approach. Each approach takes into account various elements of business and on how the strategic international human resource management is developed within the organization. The author talks that it is also important to note here that these approaches are based on six main elements which include, a) The transformation of the human resource staff and structure, b) improving the overall administrative efficiency, c) creating a sync between human resource and strategic planning process of the organization, d) creating a fit between the human resources practices and the business strategy itself, e) taking into account the impact of the human resources on the business and also f) development of relationship with the line management. These elements clearly indicate all the areas that together help in the development of Strategic International Human Resource Management. Although all the approaches might be different and might undertake different areas to develop the human resource management, the main crux of all the approaches is clearly the above mentioned six elements.

Utilitarianism Essay Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism Essay Essay Utilitarianism is a theory in ethics regarding actions that maximize utility. Utilitarianism is human- centered and has a foundation of morality. One could say this theory holds to happiness as the principle, at least that is what John Mill proposes. Mills is well known for being not only a great philosopher of his time, but also an advocate for utilitarianism, in so much that Mills believed and even improved upon Bentham’s views. John Stuart Mill was the most famous and influential British philosopher of the nineteenth century (Clark, 2003). Mill felt that the foundation of morals, â€Å"utility† or the greatest happiness principle, holds actions are right in a certain proportion because they tend to promote happiness; and wrong because they produce just the opposite of happiness. Happiness is pleasure, with the absence of pain; unhappiness, equals pain and the absence of pleasure. Mill felt that higher pleasures are more valuable than lower ones and also better (Peck, 2006). Pleasure to Mill’s differs in quality and quantity. Mill felt that a person’s achievements and goals such as virtuous living should be recognized as a part of their happiness. Mill believed that happiness is the only basis of morality, and that happiness is the only thing people truly desire. Mill’s take on justice was that it is based on utility and happiness and that rights only exist because they are necessary for a person’s happiness (Peck, 2006). When speaking of qualitative and quantitative utilitarianism there are differences within the two. They both measure the value of different levels of happiness (Ring, 2010). Qualitative utilitarianism entails that mental pleasures are different and also superior to physical pleasures. Quantitative utilitarianism entails that all types of happiness are equal or the same. In quantitative utilitarianism what matters most is the quantity or amount of happiness, not what type (Ring, 2010). When speaking of Mills and his approach one would need to consider the strengths and weaknesses of what Mills proposes. The strengths of Mills approach to utilitarianism would be the fact of the only thing of substance or that matters is what happens in one’s life regardless of the intentions (Qizilbash, 2006). One weakness would be the proposal that one’s intentions do Running head: UTILITARIANISM ESSAY 1 not matter or hold any substantial repercussions. One’s intentions can have a very negative affect on themselves but more important on other’s especially innocent by standers. One’s intentions could be of utmost importance to the good of the majority. Another strength of Mills approach is the fact that Mill considers emotions a form of great pleasure (Qizilbash, 2006). This point of the theory shows some impartiality. Mills also mentions general rules, which in turn would allow for the use of universal rules, and this is a strength for sure. In Mills approach one more weakness would be the ability for one to predict the outcome or consequences. More weaknesses than strengths exist in Mills approach, for instance, to get the greatest good for the greatest number can sometimes make the simplest of actions become immoral- for instance buying something for oneself that is not necessarily needed but none the less something desired, but if that money spent could have been spent elsewhere and been more beneficial to a greater number of people then one is considered immoral or acting immoral. Another weakness in Mills approach is a competent person will always pick a higher pleasure over a lower one (Qizilbash, 2006) yet this is neither feasible nor true in all situations. And the major weakness in Mills theory is the assumption that one should pursue something just because it is desirable and produces pleasure, this can have many negative consequences. Thought experiments have been used in every field from mathematics to philosophy. In this thought experiment four people play a question and answer game. There is a score rewarded for each correct answer, and at the end of the game the two highest scoring people will get the chance to walk away with either a large amount of cash for themselves, half of the cash or unfortunately empty handed. In this particular game one will decide to share and divide the cash, or be greedy and try to walk away with all of the cash, but there is that chance of walking away with nothing. Imagine one chooses share and the other chooses keep, then the one who chose keep gets it all, if both choose share then the cash will be divided evenly and both benefit, after Running head: UTILITARIANISM ESSAY 1 all they both worked equally towards this opportunity. But if both choose keep, they will both walk away empty handed with nothing. In this thought experiment we will assume that both people chose share, considering this is the only sure way of walking away with at least half of the cash. This experiment would defend Mills version of utilitarianism on one hand because both people have done what is best for the greater good (Clark, 2003) so what works for the whole and is better for all involved is best. But when considering Mills part of the version that speaks to one always choosing the higher pleasure over the lower one (Qizilbash, 2006) this scenario would critique- the higher pleasure would have been winning all of the cash for oneself, not having to share it and one knows that this is what each person desired, what would give them each much more pleasure, but instead they went for a lower zone of pleasure when deciding to at least walk away with some rather than no cash. In this experiment one can say it defends and critiques Mill’s because Mill’s was contradicting in his approach and views. Mill was known to improve Bentham’s views, and not agree with them, but yet Mill leans towards Bentham’s views in a lot of his approach to utilitarianism. References Clark, K. J. , Poortenga, A. (2003). The story of ethics, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Peck, L. A. (2006). A â€Å"Fool Satisfied†? Journalists and Mill’s Principle of Utility. Running head: UTILITARIANISM ESSAY 1 Journalism Mass Communication Educator, 61(2), 205-213 Qizilbash, M. (2006). Capability, Happiness and Adaption in Sen and J. S. Mill. Utilitas, 18(1), 20-32. doi:10. 1017/SO953820805001809 Ring, L. , Gross, C. R. , McColl, E. (2010, June). Putting the text back into context: toward increased use of mixed methods for quality of life research. Quality of Life Research. pp. 613-615. doi: 10. 1007/S11136-010-9647-z.